Your health care team will note this range on your CBC lab results. A range is used instead of a specific number because a normal amount is different for each person. Your health care team must carefully read CBC test results. Keep in mind that many factors, including noncancerous conditions, can lead to results that fall out of the normal range. Ask your doctor to help you understand what your results mean.
Low white blood cell count. Some cancer treatments, mainly chemotherapy, may lower your body's white blood cells. Cancers that affect the blood and bone marrow can also lower the count.
These types of cancers include leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Amounts of different white blood cells. Higher-than-normal numbers of lymphocytes or monocytes can indicate the possibility of certain types of cancers. Some cancers and their treatments may cause neutropenia.
Neutropenia is when a person has low numbers of neutrophils. This increases the chance of getting a bacterial infection. At times, your doctor may lower your chemotherapy dose to lower your chance of developing neutropenia. Your doctor may also recommend medication, such as white blood cell growth factors, to increase your body's production of neutrophils, especially if you develop a fever.
Low red blood cell count. Some cancer treatments, mainly chemotherapy and radiation therapy, may lower your red blood cells count. This condition is known as anemia. Blood loss, either from surgery or specific cancers, and cancers that directly involve the bone marrow can also cause or worsen anemia.
People whose red blood cell count falls too low may need a blood transfusion or medication to help bring it up. Low platelet count. Some cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, may cause a decrease in platelets. The major types of white blood cells are neutrophils , lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Immature neutrophils, called band neutrophils, are also part of this test.
Each type of cell plays a different role in protecting the body. The numbers of each one of these types of white blood cells give important information about the immune system. Too many or too few of the different types of white blood cells can help find an infection, an allergic or toxic reaction to medicines or chemicals, and many conditions, such as leukemia.
Red blood cell RBC count. Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. They also carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs so it can be exhaled. If the RBC count is low anemia , the body may not be getting the oxygen it needs.
If the count is too high a condition called polycythemia , there is a chance that the red blood cells will clump together and block tiny blood vessels capillaries. This also makes it hard for your red blood cells to carry oxygen. This test measures the amount of space volume red blood cells take up in the blood. The value is given as a percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood. Hematocrit and hemoglobin values are the two major tests that show if anemia or polycythemia is present. Hemoglobin Hgb.
The hemoglobin molecule fills up the red blood cells. It carries oxygen and gives the blood cell its red color. The hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in blood and is a good measure of the blood's ability to carry oxygen throughout the body. Red blood cell indices. They are measured by a machine, and their values come from other measurements in a CBC. The MCV shows the size of the red blood cells. The MCH value is the amount of hemoglobin in an average red blood cell.
The MCHC measures the concentration of hemoglobin in an average red blood cell. These numbers help in the diagnosis of different types of anemia.
Red cell distribution width RDW can also be measured which shows if the cells are all the same or different sizes or shapes. Platelet thrombocyte count. Platelets thrombocytes are the smallest type of blood cell. They are important in blood clotting. When bleeding occurs, the platelets swell, clump together, and form a sticky plug that helps stop the bleeding.
If there are too few platelets, uncontrolled bleeding may be a problem. If there are too many platelets, there is a chance of a blood clot forming in a blood vessel. Also, platelets may be involved in hardening of the arteries atherosclerosis.
Mean platelet volume MPV. Mean platelet volume measures the average amount volume of platelets. Mean platelet volume is used along with platelet count to diagnose some diseases. If the platelet count is normal, the mean platelet volume can still be too high or too low.
Why It Is Done A complete blood count may be done to: Find the cause of symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, fever, bruising, or weight loss. Check for anemia. See how much blood has been lost if there is bleeding.
Diagnose polycythemia. Check for an infection. Diagnose diseases of the blood, such as leukemia. Check how the body is dealing with some types of drug or radiation treatment.
Check how abnormal bleeding is affecting the blood cells and counts. Screen for high and low values before a surgery. See if there are too many or too few of certain types of cells. This may help find other conditions, such as too many eosinophils may mean an allergy or asthma is present.
Anemia has many causes, including low levels of certain vitamins or iron, blood loss, or an underlying condition. A red blood cell count that's higher than normal erythrocytosis , or high hemoglobin or hematocrit levels, could point to an underlying medical condition, such as polycythemia vera or heart disease.
White blood cell count. A low white blood cell count leukopenia may be caused by a medical condition, such as an autoimmune disorder that destroys white blood cells, bone marrow problems or cancer.
Certain medications also can cause white blood cell counts to drop. If your white blood cell count is higher than normal, you may have an infection or inflammation.
Or, it could indicate that you have an immune system disorder or a bone marrow disease. A high white blood cell count can also be a reaction to medication. For specifics about what your complete blood count results mean if they fall outside the normal ranges, talk to your doctor. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version.
This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview A complete blood count CBC is a blood test used to evaluate your overall health and detect a wide range of disorders, including anemia, infection and leukemia. A complete blood count test measures several components and features of your blood, including: Red blood cells, which carry oxygen White blood cells, which fight infection Hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells Hematocrit, the proportion of red blood cells to the fluid component, or plasma, in your blood Platelets, which help with blood clotting.
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