Pregnant women are offered other non-live vaccines, such as those against flu. The mRNA vaccines Pfizer and Moderna are also quickly broken down once they have been injected — within a few days of vaccination there will be no vaccine mRNA left. The data available shows that if a pregnant woman has the COVID vaccine she is not at an increased risk of having adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Research from across six studies in four countries, involving more than 40, pregnant women, shows having the vaccine does not increase the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, stillbirth, nor does it increase the risk of a small-for-gestational age baby, or the risk of congenital abnormalities. The research compared pregnancy outcomes for women who had received the COVID vaccine and those who had not. They found there were no significant differences between the two groups, with no increase in stillbirths or premature births, no abnormalities with development and no evidence of babies being smaller or bigger.
We know that the vaccine is safe in pregnancy, but this is the next step in looking at the level of protection that the vaccine provides, what the best interval between doses is, and monitoring the immune response of both the mother and baby after the vaccine.
The Yellow Card scheme run by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency MHRA is the UK system for collecting and monitoring information on safety concerns, such as suspected side effects or adverse incidents involving medicines and medical devices, including vaccines. The MHRA have reported that the numbers of reports of miscarriage and stillbirth are low in relation to the number of pregnant women who have received COVID vaccines to date more than 55, and how commonly these events occur in the UK outside of the pandemic.
They say there is no pattern from the reports to suggest that any of the COVID vaccines used in the UK, or any reactions to these vaccines, increase the risk of miscarriage or stillbirth. Sadly, miscarriage is estimated to occur in about 20 to 25 in pregnancies in the UK and most occur in the first 12 to 13 weeks of pregnancy the first trimester. Stillbirths are sadly estimated to occur in about 1 in pregnancies in the UK. We also have research from six studies worldwide which show the rates of miscarriage were the same in those who had received a COVID vaccine during pregnancy as in the general population.
In non-pregnant individuals, the COVID vaccines are known to have mild and short-lasting side effects, such as a fever or muscle ache lasting a day or two. Reports of serious side effects, such as allergic reaction or clotting problems, have been very rare. Regarding serious blood clots, the JCVI has stated that "there are currently no known risk factors for this extremely rare condition, which appears to be an idiosyncratic reaction on first exposure to the AstraZeneca COVID vaccine".
This means that someone is not necessarily at higher risk of this serious side effect just because they have a higher risk of other blood clots, for example because they are pregnant. Because this side effect is so rare, we can't know the exact risk in pregnancy. More than half of women who test positive for COVID in pregnancy have no symptoms at all but some pregnant women can get life-threatening illness from COVID, particularly if they have underlying health conditions.
In the later stages of pregnancy, women are at increased risk of becoming seriously unwell with COVID COVID infection can also affect the pregnancy. In pregnant women with symptoms of COVID, it is twice as likely that their baby will be born early, exposing the baby to the risk of prematurity.
A recent study has also found that pregnant women who tested positive for COVID at the time of birth were more likely to develop pre-eclampsia, more likely to need an emergency caesarean and their risk of stillbirth was twice as high, although the actual number of stillbirths remains low. The vaccine is considered to be safe and effective at any stage of pregnancy. One dose of COVID vaccination gives you good protection against infection, but with the most recent Delta variant of the virus, two doses are needed to give a good level of immunity.
Second doses are given 8 weeks after the first dose and we recommend that you receive two doses before giving birth, or before you enter the third trimester, when the risk of serious illness with COVID is greatest. This is because these vaccines have been given to over , pregnant women in the US and the data have not raised any safety concerns.
Women who have already had one dose of AstraZeneca before they became pregnant or earlier on in pregnancy , are advised to complete vaccination with a second dose of AstraZeneca — see below for more information. Pregnant women who commenced vaccination with AstraZeneca are advised to complete with the same vaccine. There have been very rare reports of serious blood clots after a second dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine. There are no reported concerns with the AstraZeneca vaccine in pregnancy, but there is less experience in pregnancy with this vaccine, than with the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, which has led to the JCVI recommending a preference for Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna.
The safety of mixing different vaccines is being investigated in an ongoing trial the ComCov trial , which does not include pregnant women. Initial data from the study, published on 12 May , showed that mixing vaccines appeared to be safe overall.
However, there was an increase in short-lasting side effects such as fever for individuals who were given two different vaccines compared to individuals who had two doses of the same vaccine. Getting vaccinated later during flu season, though, can still be beneficial. Flu vaccines have been given to millions of pregnant women over the years, and scientific evidence shows that it is safe.
Getting the flu vaccine during pregnancy is one of the best ways to protect yourself and your baby for several months after birth from flu-related complications. Pregnant women are also encouraged to get the Tdap vaccine at any time during pregnancy, but optimally between 27 and 36 weeks of each pregnancy, to protect yourself and your baby from pertussis, also known as whooping cough. This vaccine is recommended during every pregnancy, regardless of how long it has been since you previously received the Tdap vaccine.
If you did not get a Tdap vaccine during your pregnancy and have never gotten it, CDC recommends that you get the vaccine immediately after giving birth. It is safe for women to receive most vaccines right after giving birth, even while breastfeeding.
More information about the safety of vaccines during breastfeeding. If you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy Talk with your healthcare provider before getting vaccinated.
They can answer questions and offer advice based on your specific health needs. If you get any of these vaccines and then find out you are pregnant, talk to your doctor.
Further doses of the vaccines, if needed, should be given after you have completed the pregnancy. Some vaccines, especially live vaccines, should not be given to pregnant women because they may be harmful to the baby.
Keep in mind that vaccine recommendations for pregnant women are developed with the highest safety concerns for both mothers and babies. It is safe to receive routine vaccines right after giving birth, even while you are breastfeeding. However, yellow fever vaccine is not recommended for breastfeeding women unless travel to certain countries is unavoidable and a healthcare provider determines that the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks.
Talk with your provider if you are considering yellow fever vaccine. Inactivated influenza vaccine and spontaneous abortion in the Vaccine Safety Datalink in , , and Epub Sep Introduction of new vaccines for immunization in pregnancy — Programmatic, regulatory, safety and ethical considerations external icon.
Epub May 6. Epub Jan Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine Tdap in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Kharbanda, E.
Donahue J. Association of spontaneous abortion with receipt of inactivated influenza vaccine containing H1N1pdm09 in and Epub Nov Please enter your name Please enter your email Your email is invalid. Please check and try again Please enter recipient's email Recipient's email is invalid.
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Send to: is required Error: This is required Error: Not a valid value. COVID vaccines and pregnancy It is recommended that pregnant women can get the Pfizer Cominarty vaccine at any stage of their pregnancy. Vaccinations before pregnancy Measles, mumps and rubella Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects. Chickenpox varicella Chickenpox infection during pregnancy can cause severe illness in you and your unborn baby.
Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is an infection with a virus that can cause long-lasting liver damage. Pneumococcal Protection against serious illness caused by pneumococcal disease is recommended for smokers and people with chronic heart, lung or kidney disease, or diabetes. Travel vaccinations Vaccines that are required to travel to other countries are not always recommended during pregnancy. Safe vaccinations during pregnancy Influenza and whooping cough vaccines are the only vaccines recommended for women during pregnancy.
Whooping cough pertussis Whooping cough can cause serious illness and even death in babies less than 6 months old. Flu influenza Influenza can cause serious illness. Watch this video to learn more about immunisation during pregnancy from a health expert. Back To Top. Immunisation and pregnancy who, what, when and why? Issue 4 Volume 40 Australian Prescriber Australian Prescriber What are the benefits of recommending vaccination to pregnant women?
Vaccination information for adults, children, pregnancy and the workplace. More data are needed to determine what level of protection these antibodies may provide to the baby. After you are fully vaccinated, you may be able to participate in many of the activities that you did before the pandemic.
Learn more about what you can do when you have been fully vaccinated. If you have a condition or are taking medications that weaken your immune system, you may NOT be fully protected even if you are fully vaccinated. Even after vaccination, you may need to continue taking all precautions. Talk to your healthcare provider about whether getting an additional primary dose is appropriate for you.
Side effects can occur after receiving any of the available COVID vaccines, especially after the second dose for vaccines that require two doses. Talk with your healthcare provider if you have a history of allergic reaction to any other vaccine or injectable therapy intramuscular, intravenous, or subcutaneous.
COVID vaccination is recommended for people who are trying to get pregnant now or might become pregnant in the future , as well as their partners. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link.
Section Navigation. Important update: Healthcare facilities. Learn more. To maximize protection from the Delta variant and prevent possibly spreading it to others, get vaccinated as soon as you can and wear a mask indoors in public if you are in an area of substantial or high transmission.
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