Hawass has suggested that the fittings were hieroglyphic signs rather than handles which enabled the soul of the king to pass through the blockage. When an opening was drilled through this small limestone block and an endoscopic camera inserted, archaeologists discovered a narrow empty space terminated by a rough limestone block, thought to be part of the pyramid core. The corridor ends in front of a white limestone block bearing the traces of two copper fittings. Their astronomical significance was first recognized by Alexander Badawy, and Virginia Trimble, in the s.
The constellation of Ursa Minor was only introduced in BC. Draco was associated with the goddess Tawret who took the form of a hippo.
Orion was associated with Osiris , and was also the god of the netherworld. The northern shaft aligns with Thuban, in the constellation of Draco. Nowadays, Polaris marks our celestial north pole, but at the time of the ancient pyramid builders the star closest to the pole was Thuban. Thus, it was of high astrological importance and considered to be a symbol of immortality as it never left the night sky.
Badawy and Trimble concluded that the shafts were not astronomical sight lines, as is sometimes suggested a view supported by the fact that the shafts are horizontal at their ends. It was not until two hundred years later, in , when under the supervision of Colonel Howard-Vyse, extensive excavations and explorations were conducted in Giza pyramids.
Scrapbook page containing an annotated photograph showing six men positioned around the entrance to the Cheops pyramid. The page also includes a labeled diagram showing the interior chambers and passageways of the pyramid, and their dimensions. Circa — Public Domain. The workmen found the opening of the southern air-shaft by going around the pyramid and finding it within the same location on the southern face as they had found the opening on the northern face.
Hill found a stone blocking the southern air-shaft and with some effort managed to remove it. This is how the shafts in the Pyramid came to be known as air channels, thought to be ancient climate control mechanism built in the design of the pyramid.
In that year, Waynman Dixon and his friend Dr. Grant found a crack in the south wall of the Queen's Chamber. After pushing a long wire into the crack, indicating that a void was behind it, Dixon hired a carpenter named Bill Grundy to cut through the wall. A rectangular channel, 8. With the two similar shafts of the King's Chamber in mind, Dixon measured a like position on the north wall, and Grundy chiseled away and, as expected, found the opening of a similar channel.
Gatenbrink, Rudolf. The Findings. Geographic, National. September 23, Greaves, John. Miscellaneous Works Of Mr. London: Thomas Birsch , Hooper, Rowan. May 25, Howard-Vyse, Richard William. Operations carried on at the pyramids of Gizeh in with an account of a voyage into Upper Egypt, and an appendix.
London: J Fraser, Orcutt, Larry. The Great Pyramid's "Air Shafts". Payne, Keith. March 7, Petrie, W. New And Revised Edition. The shaft begins on the horizontal for about 6 feet then takes a series of four bends. While maintaining its general upward angle, it shifts first to the north-northwest then back to north, then to north-northeast, and finally back to true north. It has been speculated by some that this unexplained semicircular diversion might have been necessary to avoid some heretofore undiscovered feature of the pyramid.
Though the first eight feet of the northern shaft is intact, the next thirty or so feet have been excavated by treasure seekers, presumably following the direction of the shaft in search of treasure. The breach to the shaft was made in the west wall of the short passage leading from the antechamber to the King's Chamber. A modern iron grate today guards the mouth of this breach.
The southern shaft is different in appearance. Its mouth is larger, about 18" wide by 24" high. The dimensions are reduced to about 12" by 18" within a few feet, and then narrows yet more to about 8" by 12".
The shape is not rectangular, as is the northern shaft, but has a dome shape where it enters the chamber, with a narrow floor, the angle of the walls being slightly obtuse, and a dome-shaped ceiling. The shaft is horizontal and true south for about 6 feet. At the first bend, its shape changes to an oval, and continues thusly for about 8 feet. Its orientation also changes slightly from true south to south-southwest. At the second bend its shape changes yet again to a rectangle, with a height greater than its width.
The houses consist of mud and stone walls with thatched roofs. The houses also have straw to protect them from things such as rain and snow. The Ancient Maya houses have not changed for well over a thousand years. Priests, kings, and farmers apart from architects, artisans, scribes, traders, slaves, craftsmen, etc.
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